China signs deal with Russia to build a power plant on the moon — potentially leaving the US in the dust
Story by Ben Turner · 7h

中國(guó)月球基地設(shè)想圖。中國(guó)宣布與俄羅斯合作，計(jì)劃于2036年前建成月球核電站。

An illustration of a hypothetical <span style='color:red'><b>Chinese</b></span> moon base. China has announced a deal with Russia to build a lunar power plant by 2036.
An illustration of a hypothetical Chinese moon base. China has announced a deal with Russia to build a lunar power plant by 2036.

中國(guó)月球基地設(shè)想圖。中國(guó)宣布與俄羅斯達(dá)成協(xié)議，將在2036年前在月球上建造一座（核能）發(fā)電廠。

Russia has signed a deal with China to build a nuclear power plant on the moon.
The Russian reactor will be used to power the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS), jointly led by China and Russia, and should be completed by 2036, according to a memorandum of cooperation signed by the two nations.
The announcement comes just after NASA revealed a 2026 budget proposal that would axe the agency's plans for an orbital lunar base.

中國(guó)月球基地設(shè)想圖。中國(guó)宣布與俄羅斯合作，計(jì)劃于2036年前建成月球核電站。
俄羅斯已與中國(guó)簽署協(xié)議，將在月球建設(shè)核電站。
根據(jù)兩國(guó)簽署的合作備忘錄，該核反應(yīng)堆將為中俄共同主導(dǎo)的"國(guó)際月球科研站"（ILRS）供電，預(yù)計(jì)于2036年竣工。此項(xiàng)聲明發(fā)布之際，NASA剛公布2026年預(yù)算提案，擬取消其軌道月球基地計(jì)劃。

The construction of the Chinese-Russian reactor will likely be carried out autonomously "without the presence of humans," according to a 2024 interview with Yury Borisov, director general of the Russian space agency Roscosmos, on the Russian state-owned news site TASS. While details of how this can be achieved remain unclear, Borisov added that the technological steps are "almost ready."
"The station will conduct fundamental space research and test technology for long-term uncrewed operations of the ILRS, with the prospect of a human being's presence on the Moon," Roscosmos wrote in a May 8 announcement following the signing of the memorandum.

俄羅斯國(guó)有新聞網(wǎng)站塔斯社（TASS）在2024年對(duì)俄羅斯航天局（Roscosmos）局長(zhǎng)尤里·鮑里索夫（Yury Borisov）的采訪中表示，中俄反應(yīng)堆的建設(shè)可能會(huì)在“無(wú)人”的情況下自主進(jìn)行。雖然如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的細(xì)節(jié)尚不清楚，但鮑里索夫表示相關(guān)技術(shù)"已基本就緒"。
俄航天集團(tuán)在5月8日簽署備忘錄后的公告中寫道："該站將開(kāi)展基礎(chǔ)空間研究，測(cè)試國(guó)際月球科研站（ILRS）長(zhǎng)期無(wú)人運(yùn)行技術(shù)，并為未來(lái)載人登月奠定基礎(chǔ)。"
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The new research station, a permanent, manned lunar base located on the moon's south pole, has so far attracted 17 countries to join the program — including Egypt, Pakistan, Venezuela, Thailand and South Africa. Its groundwork will be laid by China's 2028 Chang'e-8 mission, which will be the nation's first time landing an astronaut on the lunar surface.
The roadmap for the ILRS was first unveiled in June 2021, with China and Russia announcing they would loft the pieces for a robotic moon base using five super heavy-lift rocket launches from 2030 to 2035.

這座位于月球南極的永久性載人科研基地，目前已吸引17國(guó)加入計(jì)劃，包括埃及、巴基斯坦、委內(nèi)瑞拉、泰國(guó)和南非。中國(guó)2028年的嫦娥八號(hào)任務(wù)將為其奠定基礎(chǔ)，這也將是中國(guó)首次實(shí)現(xiàn)航天員登月。
ILRS路線圖最早于2021年6月公布，中俄計(jì)劃在2030至2035年間通過(guò)五次超重型火箭發(fā)射，將機(jī)器人月球基地組件送入太空。

Once these basic pieces are established, China plans additional launches that will extend the base further, connecting it to a space station orbiting the moon and two nodes located at the moon's equator and its far side, Wu Yanhua, the chief designer of China's deep exploration project, said at a 2024 media conference, according to state media outlet xinhua.
This extended model, laying the foundations for manned landings on Mars, should be completed by 2050. It "will be powered by solar, radioisotope and nuclear generators," Wu said. "It will also include lunar-Earth and high-speed lunar surface communication networks, as well as lunar vehicles like a hopper, an unmanned long-range vehicle, and pressurized and unpressurized manned rovers."

中國(guó)深空探測(cè)工程總設(shè)計(jì)師吳艷華在2024年一場(chǎng)媒體發(fā)布會(huì)上表示，待這些基礎(chǔ)模塊建成后，中國(guó)計(jì)劃通過(guò)后續(xù)發(fā)射任務(wù)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展基地規(guī)模。據(jù)官方媒體新華社報(bào)道，擴(kuò)建計(jì)劃包括將月面基地與環(huán)月軌道空間站相連，并在月球赤道區(qū)域和背面增設(shè)兩個(gè)樞紐節(jié)點(diǎn)。
這種擴(kuò)展模式將為載人登陸火星鋪路，預(yù)計(jì)2050年完成。吳艷華指出："該系統(tǒng)將由太陽(yáng)能、同位素和核能發(fā)電機(jī)供電，包含月地通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)、高速月表通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)，以及跳躍器、無(wú)人長(zhǎng)距漫游車、加壓與非加壓載人月球車等設(shè)備。

The memorandum comes at a time of growing ambition for China's space programs. The country has had a lunar presence since the 2013 landing of the Chang'e 3 mission, which placed a rover on the moon. Subsequent missions landed more rovers on the moon and Mars, while collecting samples from the moon's near and far sides, and mapped out the lunar surface.
China's race to build a lunar outpost also has an American rival in the Artemis program, which has recently been beset by delays. Artemis III, which will see NASA astronauts return to our nearest natural satellite for the first time in over 50 years, is expected to launch sometime in 2027.

這份備忘錄的簽署，展現(xiàn)出中國(guó)航天前所未有的雄心壯志。自 2013 年嫦娥三號(hào)任務(wù)成功著陸月球并部署月球車以來(lái)，中國(guó)就一直保持著在月球上的活動(dòng)。隨后的一系列任務(wù)讓更多的月球車登陸月球和火星，同時(shí)從月球近月面和遠(yuǎn)月面采集樣本，并繪制了月表地圖。
中國(guó)致力于建造月球前哨站，而美國(guó)的 “阿爾忒彌斯” 計(jì)劃是其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。該計(jì)劃最近一直受到各種延誤的困擾?！鞍栠瘡浰谷?hào)” 任務(wù)預(yù)計(jì)將讓美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局（NASA）的宇航員在時(shí)隔 50 多年后首次重返距離我們最近的這顆天然衛(wèi)星，它預(yù)計(jì)將于 2027 年的某個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)射。

Meanwhile, the future of NASA's own planned lunar space station, dubbed Gateway and initially slated for launch as soon as 2027, has been thrown into question with the release of the Trump administration's proposed 2026 budget. The budget calls for canceling the Gateway mission, despite significant progress on building the station's modules.

與此同時(shí)，美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局（NASA）自己計(jì)劃建造的名為 “門戶” 的月球空間站，原本最早定于 2027 年發(fā)射，隨著特朗普政府公布的 2026 年預(yù)算提案的出臺(tái)，其未來(lái)也受到了質(zhì)疑。該預(yù)算案要求取消 “門戶” 任務(wù)，盡管在建造空間站艙段方面已經(jīng)取得了重大進(jìn)展。