外網(wǎng)熱議：為什么盡管中國生產(chǎn)和制造了幾乎所有的東西，但美國經(jīng)濟仍然比中國大？

Michael X
GDP was calculated base on total transitions. If China just privatize education, healthcare. The GDP is going to larger than the US instantly. If we do that, the poor students would never get equal opportunities, and 20% of the people wouldn’t be able to afford medicare.
GDP是基于總交易額來計算的。如果中國僅僅將教育和醫(yī)療私有化，其GDP將立刻超過美國。但如果我們那樣做，貧困學生就永遠得不到平等的機會，而且20%的人將負擔不起醫(yī)療。

If China develop a porn industry and legalize prostitution, weed, gambling…etc, and counting all that as services. The GDP is going to be twice as large as the US very quickly.
如果中國發(fā)展色情產(chǎn)業(yè)，并將賣淫、大麻、賭博等合法化，并把所有這些都算作服務(wù)業(yè)，那么其GDP將很快達到美國的兩倍。


Doug Breckman
It all has to do with problems of measuring the economic output of countries. The USA actually makes less stuff than China, but we use a statistic called Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to compare the two. GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a given year, measured in US dollars. So GDP doesn’t count up the real quantities of things made, instead it counts how much money was spent to buy them.
這都與衡量國家經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)出的問題有關(guān)。美國實際生產(chǎn)的物品確實比中國少，但我們使用一個名為國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)來比較兩者。GDP是指一個國家在特定年份內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的所有商品和服務(wù)的總價值，以美元計量。因此，GDP并不計算實際制造的產(chǎn)品數(shù)量，而是計算人們花了多少錢去購買它們。

China measures its own output in Chinese money, and we then do a currency conversion to see what the equivalent value is in US dollars.
中國用本國貨幣衡量其產(chǎn)出，然后我們進行貨幣換算，以得出其等值的美元價值。

Countries around the world keep a reserve fund in US dollars, and businesses want to invest in the USA. Demand for US dollars drives up the value in currency exchange markets. In contrast, China keeps the trading value of its own money low, so that Chinese goods will be cheaper and they can sell more to other countries. Differences in currency exchange rates distort the value of GDP, and make it look like the US economy is bigger. The USA has a bigger GDP but actually produces less.
世界各國都持有美元作為儲備資金，且企業(yè)希望在美國投資。對美元的需求推高了其在貨幣兌換市場上的價值。相比之下，中國則保持其本國貨幣的交易價值較低，這樣中國商品就更便宜，能向其他國家銷售更多。匯率差異扭曲了GDP的價值，使得美國經(jīng)濟看起來更大。美國的GDP更高，但實際生產(chǎn)卻更少。

For example, if a factory in China made 100,000 cars m, and a factory in the the USA made 75,000, the cars in the USA would cost a lot more to make. 75,000 American built cars would add more to the American GDP than 100,000 much cheaper Chinese cars would add to Chinese GDP.
例如，如果中國一家工廠生產(chǎn)10萬輛汽車，美國一家工廠生產(chǎn)7.5萬輛，那么在美國制造汽車的成本要高得多。7.5萬輛美國制造的汽車對美國GDP的貢獻，將超過10萬輛便宜得多的中國汽車對中國GDP的貢獻。

if we look at the actual numbers of things produced, the European unx collectively has the biggest economy, China second, the USA third.
如果我們看實際生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品數(shù)量，歐盟整體擁有最大的經(jīng)濟體量，中國第二，美國第三。


Emmanuel-Francis Nwaolisa Ogomegbunam
China doesn’t produce or manufacture almost everything. That said, the straightforward answer to your question is that one dollar equals seven renminbi. Therefore — all else being equal — Chinese annual gross domestic production would need to be more than seven times larger than equivalent US production, in dollar terms, for the Chinese economy to surpass the USA’s.
In sum, it’s all a matter of currency valuations.
中國并非幾乎生產(chǎn)或制造所有東西。話雖如此，您問題的直接答案是：1美元等于7元人民幣。因此——在其他條件相同的情況下——按美元計算，中國的年度國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值需要比美國同等的生產(chǎn)總值高出七倍以上，中國經(jīng)濟才能超越美國。
總之，這完全是一個貨幣估值的問題。


Jonathan Kang
Because in this and age, physical goods are not the only thing of value people can produce.
因為在這個時代，實物商品并非人們能生產(chǎn)的唯一有價值的東西。

Have you heard of computer software? Or business plans? Or search engines? How about logistics analysis? Scientific research? Transportation?
你聽說過計算機軟件嗎？或者商業(yè)計劃？搜索引擎呢？物流分析如何？科學研究？交通運輸？

The same 2 factories can have vastly different outputs and quality of product depending on management and R&D.
兩家相同的工廠，根據(jù)管理和研發(fā)水平的不同，其產(chǎn)出和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量可能有天壤之別。

Semiconductor factories can make or break depending on a single critical piece of software.
半導體工廠的成敗可能取決于一個關(guān)鍵軟件。

Car factories can be 100x more or less efficient depending on how the assembly line is organized.
汽車工廠的效率高低可能相差百倍，這取決于組裝線的組織方式。

The US dominates in high value output. The physical product may be made elsewhere, but the know-how to design both the product and the factory itself comes from workers in the US.
美國在高價值產(chǎn)出方面占據(jù)主導地位。實物產(chǎn)品可能在別處制造，但設(shè)計產(chǎn)品及工廠本身的技術(shù)訣竅則來自美國的勞動者。

The US also takes the biggest share of the profits. An iPhone sells for $1500 and an American company pockets 70% of that. Despite the fact that it’s “made in China”.
美國也拿走了利潤的最大份額。一部iPhone售價1500美元，一家美國公司就拿走了其中的70%。盡管它“在中國制造”。

And up until recently (well, 2016) other nations were ok with being bottom bitch so long as they got some too. But that doesn’t seem to be the case anymore.
而且直到最近（嗯，2016年），其他國家只要能分得一杯羹，也甘愿處于產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈底端。但現(xiàn)在似乎不再是這種情況了。


Feng Lu
In US, a 2-liter bottle of Coca-Cola costs $2.99;
在美國，一瓶2升裝可口可樂售價2.99美元；

In China, a 2-liter bottle of Coca-Cola costs $1.
在中國，一瓶2升裝可口可樂售價1美元。

For the same bottle of Coca-Cola, the GDP generated by the United States is three times that of China.
對于同一瓶可口可樂，美國產(chǎn)生的GDP是中國的三倍。

The United States wins GDP, while China wins more products.
美國贏了GDP，而中國贏了更多產(chǎn)品（指實物產(chǎn)量）。


John Binkley
Because the US economy is largely a service economy. Manufacturing accounts for a very small proportion of US GDP. Comparatively few people in the US work in factories. China is not a service economy, and relies on manufacturing for most of its GDP. That’s why. You do the math.
因為美國經(jīng)濟主要是服務(wù)型經(jīng)濟。制造業(yè)在美國GDP中占比很小。在美國，在工廠工作的人相對較少。中國不是服務(wù)型經(jīng)濟，其GDP大部分依賴于制造業(yè)。這就是原因。你行你算啊。


Dan Gibbs
Why is the US economy still larger than China's even though China produces and manufactures almost everything?
既然中國幾乎生產(chǎn)和制造一切，為何美國經(jīng)濟規(guī)模仍大于中國？

It’s not. It only looks that way because of issues with the way that we measure economic output.
事實并非如此。只是因為我們衡量經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)出的方式存在問題，才看起來如此。

A lot of economists think that the proper way to measure economic output is by looking at what that output can actually purchase. This is a metric known as Gross Domestic Product by Purchasing Power Parity. For this metric, you don’t measure the GDP using a country’s own money, but you actually measure it by using international units of currency.
許多經(jīng)濟學家認為，衡量經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)出的正確方法是看該產(chǎn)出實際能購買什么。這個指標被稱為按購買力平價計算的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP (PPP)）。使用這個指標時，你不是用一國自己的貨幣來衡量GDP，而是使用國際貨幣單位來衡量。

This metric says that China is the largest economy in the world (it’s about 25% larger than the USA). The IMF says that China is sitting with a GDP (PPP) of 40.7 trillion international money units. The USA is at 30.507 trillion international money units. India is at 17.6 trillion international money units. Every other country is less than 10 trillion (Russia is #4 at 7.2 trillion).
按此指標，中國是世界最大經(jīng)濟體（比美國大約25%）。國際貨幣基金組織（IMF）數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國的GDP（購買力平價）為40.7萬億國際元。美國為30.507萬億國際元。印度為17.6萬億國際元。其他所有國家都低于10萬億（俄羅斯排第四，為7.2萬億）。

This is a better way of measuring gross domestic product because it adjusts for the fact that prices are a whole lot higher in the USA. As such, a single unit of production doesn’t go as far. You can get a 1-bedroom, 1-bath apartment in Shanghai, China for about $1,300 per month. Good luck getting that in any major American city. It costs about $10 for a good, high quality restaurant meal in China:
這是衡量國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的更好方法，因為它考慮到了美國物價水平高得多這一事實。因此，同樣一個生產(chǎn)單位在美國的實際購買力就沒那么強。在中國上海，你每月花大約1300美元就能租到一套一室一衛(wèi)的公寓。在美國任何主要城市，想用這個價格租到這樣的房子？祝你好運。在中國，一頓優(yōu)質(zhì)美味的餐廳餐食大約花費10美元：

This is what it means. In terms of what a country’s actual economic output can buy, China has the USA beat (and it has for about 10 years).
這就是其含義。就一國實際經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)出所能購買的東西而言，中國已經(jīng)超越了美國（而且這種情況已經(jīng)持續(xù)了大約10年）。


Yong Jian-Yi
Because an economy based upon consumption will always be larger than an economy that produces. An iPhone that is produced in China cost around $500, this is money that is paid for the materials, assembly, etc. China makes $500 off the production of the iPhone. This iPhone is sold in the USA at the retail cost of $1000, this is money that is spent on the marketing, development, distribution, etc. the USA makes $1000.
因為一個基于消費的經(jīng)濟體總會大于一個基于生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟體。一部在中國生產(chǎn)的iPhone成本約為500美元，這筆錢支付了材料、組裝等費用。中國從iPhone的生產(chǎn)中賺取了500美元。這部iPhone在美國以1000美元的零售價售出，這筆錢用于營銷、開發(fā)、分銷等環(huán)節(jié)。美國賺取了1000美元。

At the final accounting, the GDP is the the measure of the total monetary value of all final goods and services produced/consumed within a country's borders in a specific period. For that same iPhone, China makes $500 and the USA makes $1000.
在最終核算時，GDP衡量的是一個國家在特定時期內(nèi)在其境內(nèi)生產(chǎn)/消費的所有最終商品和服務(wù)的總貨幣價值。對于同一部iPhone，中國創(chuàng)造了500美元的GDP，而美國創(chuàng)造了1000美元的GDP。