與其他國家（尤其是中國）相比，日本是否仍然被視為領(lǐng)先的經(jīng)濟強國？哪些因素促成了這一點？

一、

Gongen Kitagawa I’m not sure how exactly to define poverty, but the minimum wage in Japan is 1,054 yen per hour, which is about $7.28. If you work 14 hours a week—around 56 hours a month—you’d earn only about 60,000 yen (roughly $414), which makes it very hard to live on. Even if you work 200 hours a month at minimum wage, you’d make about 215,000 yen. That might be enough to survive, but it’s still a life of poverty.

我不太清楚如何準確定義貧困，但日本的最低時薪為1,054日元，約合7.28美元。如果你每周工作14小時——合大約每月56小時——你只能賺到大概60,000日元（約414美元），這點錢很難維持生活。即使你按最低工資標準每月工作200小時，也只能賺到約215,000日元。這也許足以生存，但仍是一種貧困的生活狀態(tài)。

Rahmad Pratama I would say agree and disagree, i m agree with an example that u say, but what i would disagree is many countries doesnt have good and fair system to provide people escaping poverty. I lived in indonesia, almost all of South East asia (except Singapore and malaysia) doesnt have fair system, u can go work all day, 32hours/week, and only get paid $2–$5/day and thats not even enough to provide healthy foods and many basic needs, and the saddest part is, with $100/month, some family members live with 2/3 kids and unemployed partner

我既同意也不同意你的觀點。我同意你舉的例子，但我不同意的是，很多國家并沒有建立良好和公平的制度來幫助人們擺脫貧困。我生活在印尼，幾乎整個東南亞地區(qū)（除新加坡和馬來西亞外）都沒有公平的制度——你可以選擇工作一整天，也可以選擇每周工作32小時，只拿2到5美元的日工資，這點收入甚至連支付健康的食品和滿足其他基本生活需求都難以做到。最可悲的是，有些家庭每月只有100美元的微薄收入，卻要養(yǎng)活兩個或三個孩子和一個失業(yè)的伴侶。

Can Alt?nay Oh, boy. When I saw my country between Japan and UK, I immediately thought about this must be one of those wonderful soap operas where all people drives super luxurious cars and living in mansions . Facts are;

天哪。當我看到我的國家排在日本和英國之間時，我立刻想到這可能是某場精彩的肥皂劇，里面每個角色都開著豪華車、住著豪宅。現(xiàn)實卻是：

Economy is under great pressure because between 12 to 15 million people (Syrians, Afghans, Iraqis, Iranians and from African countries) who either dumped from Europe or crossed border mostly illegally. Well, it looks like as if someone really wants to mess up demography of a country with population of 86mil. Maybe president noticed how he became so unpopular in last decade and wanted to import co-dependent population for himself ? net income of a person working with minimum wage is 565usd.

整個國家的經(jīng)濟面臨巨大壓力，因為有1200萬到1500萬的總?cè)丝冢ㄆ渲邪藖碜詳⒗麃?、阿富汗、伊拉克、伊朗和非洲國家的移民）他們要么從歐洲被“倒賣”，要么通過非法越境進入土耳其?？雌饋砭拖裼腥苏娴南牍室飧銇y一個人口只有8600萬的國家的人口結(jié)構(gòu)?；蛟S我們的總統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在意識到他在過去十年間已經(jīng)變得多么不受歡迎，于是想要為自己進口一些仰其鼻息生存的族群？

data shows around 50% of Turkish workforce is working for minimumum wage. For making all these numbers more understandable let me add one bedroom apartment rent (in outskirts of ?stanbul with not very respectable neighborhood) would be around 400 usd. So you left with hefty sum of 165usd for paying utilities, buying food, paying for transportation, school expenses (if you have kids), after all that you can use rest of the money for partying

一名領(lǐng)取最低工資的勞動者凈收入為565美元。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，約有50%的土耳其勞動力從事支付最低工資的工作。為了讓這些數(shù)字更容易理解，我在伊斯坦布爾郊區(qū)租一間條件一般的單間公寓大概需要400美元。那么剩下的只有165美元用于支付水電費、購買食物、支付交通、子女教育等費用（如果你有孩子的話），之后還剩下的那部分錢才能被用來娛樂消費。

Same In the US, Execpt you see them paying cash with 100 dollar US bills and using government issued food stamp cards and WIC vouchers for their kids under 5 and mean while they are high end brand driving luxury cars. (esp. mexicans) from the neighboring boarder.They separate their cash transactions from government tax payer funded transactions. What a rip off to American Tax Payers. It's mind boggling, you do not see that with Canadians another neighboring boarder.

在美國情況也差不多，只是你會看到他們用100美元紙幣付現(xiàn)金，同時使用政府發(fā)放的食品券和WIC代金券給5歲以下的孩子們買東西（尤其是墨西哥人），他們把現(xiàn)金交易和政府資助分開處理。這對美國納稅人來說簡直是一場騙局。令人難以置信的是，這種情況在另一個鄰國加拿大并不存在。

Tonye Clayton If this is correct, it makes me slightly happier to be British. We do somewhat poorly on many metrics. But as Torsten Bell - formerly, of the Resolution Foundation says, one thing we have done well is make life slightly less miserable for the lowest decile or two of income earners here over the last 15–20 years.

如果這是真的，那使我感到稍稍欣慰的是身為英國人。我們在很多指標上表現(xiàn)不佳。但正如前Resolution Foundation(英國著名智庫機構(gòu))的Torsten Bell（該機構(gòu)CEO）所說，我們做得不錯的一件事是在過去15-20年里，讓最低收入階層的生活變得不那么痛苦了。 二、

Baby Smith No, Japan is no longer considered an economic power. In the 1980s an early 1990s, its electronic, automobile, shipbuilding and steel industries dominated and Japan became the second largest economy in the world. However, its electronic industry has now essentially disappeared, major car companies like Nissan is on the verge of bankruptcies and its shipbuilding and steel industries have declined into irrelevance. It did NOT find other industries to replace those that had declined. The only industry that still thriving in Japan today is its tourism and sex industry.

不，日本已不再被視為經(jīng)濟強國。在80年代和90年代初，其電子、汽車、造船和鋼鐵工業(yè)占據(jù)世界主導(dǎo)地位，日本一躍成為世界第二大經(jīng)濟體。然而，如今日本的電子產(chǎn)業(yè)基本上已經(jīng)消失，主要汽車公司如日產(chǎn)正面臨破產(chǎn)邊緣，其造船和鋼鐵工業(yè)也已衰落至無關(guān)緊要的地位。它未能找到其他產(chǎn)業(yè)來替代那些衰退的產(chǎn)業(yè)。如今日本唯一仍在蓬勃發(fā)展的產(chǎn)業(yè)是其旅游業(yè)和S情產(chǎn)業(yè)。

What happened?

所以到底發(fā)生了什么？

A major reason is Japanese culture - they wok towards attaining dominance and perfection and once they attained it, they STOP. AND that is what the Japanese did. They stop innovating and seeking ways to do better - in electronic stores in Japan, you can still buy brand new cassette recorders, video machines and Walkman. Consequently, countries like China came out with new and better ways to make things and create better products.

主要原因之一是日本文化：他們致力于實現(xiàn)主導(dǎo)地位和所謂的完美，一旦達到目標，他們就會原地踏步。而這正是這些年來日本人所做的。他們停止了創(chuàng)新和尋求更好的問題解決方案，在日本的電子商店里，你仍然可以買到全新的原裝磁帶錄音機、錄像機和隨身聽。與此同時，像中國這樣的國家推出了用更好的生產(chǎn)方式生產(chǎn)的新的和更優(yōu)質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品。

The other major reason is the rise of China - like Europe and the United States, Japan could not compete with the singular focus, drive, efficiency and scale of China. Their companes could not compete, and choke off the funds for R&D, fell off into irrelevance.

另一個主要原因是中國的崛起：就像歐洲和美國一樣，日本無法與中國這種具備獨特專注力、驅(qū)動力、效率和規(guī)模的國家競爭。他們的公司競爭不過中國企業(yè)，導(dǎo)致研發(fā)資金被切斷，最終走向沒落。 三、

CED Concrete No.In early 2000s，Japan’s average person GDP almost as high as the US，and recent 10 years，because of the inside economy power failed in Japan and outside international industry movement you can find that Japan’s average person GDP even can't catch USA’s 50%，if consider CPI you'll find they almost stop and do nothing there for nearly 20 years. Different from that，China’s average person GDP rised nearly 10 times. Totally speaking，Japan almost lost any increase chance after they finished to be a rich small country

不完全是這樣。在2000年代初，日本的人均GDP幾乎和美國一樣高。而最近10年，由于日本國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟動力失效以及國際產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)日本的人均GDP甚至無法達到美國的一半。如果考慮消費物價指數(shù)（CPI），你會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們在將近20年里幾乎停滯不前。與之形成鮮明對比的是，中國人均GDP增長了近10倍?？傮w而言，日本幾乎失去了任何增長機會，因為他們已經(jīng)走完了一個富裕小國發(fā)展全過程的閉環(huán)。

What's more，even in Japan’s peak period actually it's also can be only described as “One flag of leading economy powers”In Japan’s peak period there's also other industry superpower in the world. In 1980s，Japan got many light industry business but actually they are moved out industry from the US. Japan’s steel produce volume is only limited in 100 million tons per year，almost same volume like USSR，so Japan didn't created any achievement in a class by itself.

更重要的是，即使在巔峰時期，實際上日本也只能被稱為"一個領(lǐng)先的經(jīng)濟大國"。在同時期，世界上還有其他工業(yè)強國。在1980年代，日本獲得了很多輕工業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)，但實際上這些都是從美國轉(zhuǎn)移過來的產(chǎn)業(yè)。日本的鋼鐵產(chǎn)量僅限于每年1億噸左右，幾乎與蘇聯(lián)相當，所以日本并沒有創(chuàng)造出真正屬于自己的成就。

Different from Japan，China use real estate to achieved unimaginable achievement when its industry came to superpower. China’s cement produce volume higher than 2.4 billion tons per year，which means 20 times of USSR's peak. And steel produce ability reached 1 billion tons per year，which 10 times of Japan’s peak. With those incredible heavy industry power China easily build over 1.1 million high rise buildings and monopolied over 90% structure market of the earth. China’s products are sold to anywhere of the earth，this kind of achievement will be remembered in human’s history that as heavy as 1st industry revolution in 1700s or the making fire technology be invented several dozen thousand years ago

與日本不同的是，中國通過地產(chǎn)和建筑等行業(yè)實現(xiàn)了難以想象的成就，其第二產(chǎn)業(yè)已具備超級大國的工業(yè)能力。中國的水泥產(chǎn)量超過每年24億噸，這意味著是蘇聯(lián)巔峰時期的20倍。而鋼鐵生產(chǎn)能力達到了每年10億噸，這是日本巔峰時期的10倍。憑借這種驚人的重工業(yè)實力，中國輕松建造了超過110萬座高層建筑，并壟斷了地球上90%的建筑市場。中國的產(chǎn)品銷售到世界各地，這種成就將在人類歷史上被銘記，其重要程度堪比18世紀的第一次工業(yè)革命或者幾萬年前人類發(fā)明用火一樣。

China’s achievement even benefit Japan’s economy. After signed plaza agreement，Japan’s real estate which based on wooden single house was caught in long period drop，the only change point that stopped it's house price decrease is because China’s reinforced concrete frx shear wall high rise technology was been brought to Japan and help them build many TOD mansions and super tall apartments after 2010，and this stopped Japan’s real estate market continue drop. Japan need thank to China，who is leading economic power，you can already know

中國的成就甚至惠及日本經(jīng)濟。廣場協(xié)議簽署后，日本以木質(zhì)單體房屋為主的房地產(chǎn)市場陷入長期下跌，唯一改變這一局面的轉(zhuǎn)折點是因為中國的基于鋼筋混凝土框架的剪力墻高層建筑技術(shù)被引入日本，這幫助他們在2010年后建造了許多TOD大廈和超高層公寓，這才阻止了日本房地產(chǎn)市場的持續(xù)下滑。日本應(yīng)該感謝中國這個引領(lǐng)全球經(jīng)濟的大國，你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該明白了這一點。 四、

Hong Hwa Lee It is the fourth economy in the world. It is difficult to say that is irrelevant. On the hand, though, it was the second biggest not that far in the past, it has now been overtaken by Germany which has a much smaller population. It won’t be long before India overtakes it. In short, Japan’s relevance in the global economy is fast fading, and it is not likely to come back. That would be the case even if the Japanese economy is managed well, but that is definitely not the case.

日本是世界第四大經(jīng)濟體（第五），很難說它已經(jīng)無關(guān)緊要了。不過另一方面，就在不太久遠的過去，日本曾是世界第二大經(jīng)濟體，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)落后于德國，而德國的人口要少得多。很快，印度也將超過日本（已經(jīng)被印度超過）。簡而言之，日本在全球經(jīng)濟中的地位正在迅速削弱，而且不太可能重現(xiàn)昔日輝煌。即使日本經(jīng)濟運作良好，這種情況也可能難以改變，事實上日本經(jīng)濟顯然并未得到很好的管理。

Are you kidding? The Chinese economy is about 4 times greater than that of Japan, and the gap is widening. Unless a major disaster strikes China, this trend is going to continue well into the future.

你在開玩笑嗎？中國經(jīng)濟規(guī)模大約是日本的四倍，而且差距還在擴大。除非中國遭遇重大災(zāi)難，否則這種趨勢在未來將繼續(xù)下去。 五、

on Diplomacy & Warfare · The GDP of Japan is on 5th place. Chinas GDP is +4 times larger than Japan. Japan is a big power, but China is much bigger, and on a trajectory that will see it become even bigger. It is expected to overtake the US economy somewhere after 2030. But now, with the help of president Trump, it may go much faster.

日本的GDP排名第五。中國的GDP是日本的四倍多。日本是一個大國，但中國要強大得多，并且正處于使其變得更大的發(fā)展軌跡上。預(yù)計到2030年之后，中國經(jīng)濟將超過美國。但現(xiàn)在，在特朗普總統(tǒng)的幫助下，這一進程可能會更快。

The economy of Japan has stagnated since 1990. It’s currently on place 39 in GDP per capita in the world, while China is on place 75, but rising quickly. China has more potential to develop than Japan. But India has even greater potential, and already has larger economy than Japan.

自1990年以來，日本經(jīng)濟一直停滯不前。目前，日本在全球人均GDP排名中位于第39位，而中國排名第75位，數(shù)據(jù)顯示其正在快速上升。中國比日本有更大的發(fā)展?jié)摿?。和日本相比，印度的發(fā)展?jié)摿Ω螅移湟呀?jīng)擁有比日本更大的經(jīng)濟體量。

Japan has a lower GDP than Germany, even though Germany (84Mn) have a smaller population than Japan(123Mn).

日本的GDP低于德國，盡管德國人口（8400萬）比日本（1.23億）要少得多。

Both have a problem with aging and shrinking populations, but Japan has it much worse with a top-heavy population pyramid.

兩國都面臨人口老齡化和萎縮的問題，但日本的情況要嚴重得多，其人口金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)非常不合理。



六、

JI SHE Japan is only considered a partially leading country in East Asia.

日本目前僅被視為東亞地區(qū)，在部分領(lǐng)域內(nèi)具備優(yōu)勢的領(lǐng)先國家。

Its per capita GDP is only $32,000, lower than South Korea (37,000), Hong Kong S.A.R (70,000), Macau S.A.R (80,000) and Taiwan Prov. (33,000) in East Asia.

日本人均GDP僅為32,000美元，低于韓國（37,000美元）、香港（特區(qū)）特別行政區(qū)（70,000美元）、澳門特別行政區(qū)（80,000美元）和臺灣（地區(qū)）省（33,000美元）。

Of course, it is higher than China's $13,000, but China's GDP is nearly five times that of Japan, and the number of world-leading industries of China is far more than Japan.

當然，它高于中國的13,000美元，但中國的GDP總量幾乎是日本的五倍，而且中國在世界上獲得領(lǐng)先地位的產(chǎn)業(yè)數(shù)量遠超過日本。

Japan still leads the world in automobile manufacturing industry , precision instruments and other fields, industrial mother machine, but has fallen behind China in the export volume of traditional automobiles, while its new energy vehicles have been completely crushed by China.，in the field of semiconductors, it has been surpassed by South Korea and Taiwan province, and is not as good as Hong Kong in international finance.

日本在汽車制造業(yè)、精密儀器、工業(yè)母機等領(lǐng)域目前仍處于全球領(lǐng)先地位，但在傳統(tǒng)汽車的出口上已經(jīng)落后于中國，特別是在新能源汽車領(lǐng)域甚至被中國同行徹底碾壓。在半導(dǎo)體領(lǐng)域，已被韓國和臺灣（地區(qū)）省超越，在國際金融方面也不如香港（特區(qū)）。

China is in a relatively leading position in all the industrial fields mentioned above (the most advanced technology in a single industrial field may lag behind Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan province, but its output accounts for 20%-70% of the world's total). In addition, China is also leading in new energy equipment (solar energy, wind energy), high-speed railways (Japan is also relatively strong), shipbuilding (South Korea is also relatively strong), engineering machinery (South Korea is also relatively strong), ultra-high voltage power transmission, quantum communications, drones, and many other fields that need no mention.

中國在上述所有工業(yè)領(lǐng)域中都處于相對領(lǐng)先地位（盡管在某些單一工業(yè)領(lǐng)域技術(shù)可能落后于日本、韓國和臺灣（地區(qū)）省，但其產(chǎn)量占到全球總量的20%-70%）。此外，中國在新能源設(shè)備（太陽能、風(fēng)能）、高速鐵路（日本也相對較強）、造船（韓國也相對較強）、工程機械（韓國也相對較強）、特高壓輸電、量子通信、無人機等多個領(lǐng)域也都處于領(lǐng)先地位，這里不再贅述。

In areas such as intercontinental missiles, aerospace technology, internet technology and artificial intelligence technology, in which China is leading, Japan has no say at all.

在洲際導(dǎo)彈、航天技術(shù)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)和人工智能技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域，中國處于領(lǐng)先地位，而日本則毫無話語權(quán)。

The reason for this situation is that Japan's innovation system is rigid. The corporate system that once led the world in the era of mass production has now become a stumbling block to innovation. In addition, Japan has lost its competitiveness in the Internet era、the new energy era and the AI era due to strategic mistakes.

造成這一局面的原因是日本的創(chuàng)新體系僵化。曾經(jīng)在大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)時代引領(lǐng)世界的公司制度，如今已成為其創(chuàng)新的絆腳石。此外，由于戰(zhàn)略失誤，日本在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代、新能源時代和人工智能時代也失去了競爭力。

In addition, Japanese culture was once popular at the end of the last century, but was replaced by Korean Pop culture at the beginning of this century. Currently, Chinese, Japanese and Korean cultures compete with each other in different fields.

另外，日本文化曾在上世紀末流行一時，但在本世紀初被韓流文化取代。目前，中日韓文化在不同領(lǐng)域相互競爭。

Japan's military strength（navy and air force） has maintained a leading position in the last century, but it is currently probably on par with South Korea and far behind China.

日本的軍事實力（海軍和空軍）在上個世紀保持領(lǐng)先，但目前可能與韓國相當，遠落后于中國。 七、

on Diplomacy & Warfare · Japan's still a major economic player, but China's rise has changed the landscape. Japan's influence is significant, but it's not the powerhouse it once was compared to China. Japan is still A leading economic power, still number 4 by nominal measure, and number 5 by purchasing power parity. That’s still solidly in the rarified end of economic power.

日本仍然是重要的經(jīng)濟參與者，但中國的崛起改變了格局。日本的影響力依然顯著，但它已不再是與中國相比的那個經(jīng)濟強國。日本仍是主要經(jīng)濟強國，名義GDP排名第四（第五，已被印度超過），按購買力平價計算排名第五。這仍然屬于高端經(jīng)濟力量范疇。

but it should be pointed out Japan has fallen far in both ranking and absolute weight of economic power since the heady days of Japan Inc during the late 1980s, back then the Japanese economy was close to half the size of total U.S. economic by nominal measure. Last year Japanese economy fell below the economy of California by nominal measure. In the late 1980s the Japanese economy was approaching 15% of the world economy. Last year Japanese economy had fallen to 4 % of the world. In 1980s Japanese economy was far and away number 1 in Asia in PPP. last year it had fallen to a distant third.

但需要指出的是，自上世紀80年代“日本公司”鼎盛時期以來，日本在排名和經(jīng)濟實力的絕對比重上都大幅下滑。當時日本經(jīng)濟名義規(guī)模接近美國的一半。去年，日本經(jīng)濟甚至低于加利福尼亞州的經(jīng)濟規(guī)模。上世紀80年代，日本經(jīng)濟曾接近占全球經(jīng)濟總量的15%，而去年已下降至4%。在1980年代，日本在亞洲按購買力平價計算居首位，而去年已跌至第三位，被印度超越。 八、

Emi1 The Japanese do not consider themselves as the top economic leaders. Yet, it has some influences in the global economies.

日本人自己并不認為是全球經(jīng)濟的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。然而，它在全球經(jīng)濟中仍有一定影響力。

First, Japan is still one of most contributing countries among international organizations. Japan offers ODAs to many developing countries, after the US and China.

首先，日本仍是國際組織中最重要的捐助國之一，僅次于美國和中國。

Notably, Japan has much less political conflicts with many other countries, such as religiously and militarily. Japan has not sent troops overseas after World War II, except for non-military activities (e.g. UN Peace-Keeping-Operations to sweep mines or to pave roads in the post-war regions; disaster evacuations upon the requests of local governments).

值得注意的是，日本與其他許多國家在政治上的沖突較少，例如宗教和軍事方面。二戰(zhàn)后，日本除非戰(zhàn)爭軍事活動（如聯(lián)合國維和行動中掃雷或修建戰(zhàn)后地區(qū)的道路；應(yīng)當?shù)卣埱筮M行災(zāi)難疏散）外，從未派遣軍隊出國。

In addition, Japan holds the most US treasuries, which is influential to the US economic policies.

此外，日本持有最多的美國國債，這對美國經(jīng)濟政策的制定和執(zhí)行具有重要影響力。 九、

Gordon Bennett Of course it is still a world leading economy. It is a G 7 nation. In fact it was an original founding member in 1975 of what was then the G6 with Canada joining, and thus creating, the G7 a few years later.

當然，它仍然是世界領(lǐng)先的經(jīng)濟體之一。它是G7成員國。事實上，它是1975年G6（后來幾年加拿大加入形成G7）的創(chuàng)始成員之一。